Apush Chapter 15 Continued Property Quizlet

Key Terms:

The Age of Reason: Thomas Paine's anticlerical treatise that accused churches of seeking to acquire "power and profit" and to "enslave mankind."

Deism: 18th century religious doctrine that emphasized reasoned moral behavior and the scientific pursuit of knowledge. Most deists rejected biblical inerrancy and the divinity of Christ, but they did believe that a Supreme Being created the universe.

Unitarians: Believe in a unitary deity, reject the divinity of Christ, and emphasize the inherent goodness of mankind. Unitarianism, inspired in part by Deism, first caught on in New England at the end of the 18th century.

Second Great Awakening: Religious revival characterized by emotional mass "camp meetings" and widespread conversion. Brought about a democratization of religion as a multiplicity of denominations vied for members.

Burned-Over District: Popular name for Western New York, a region particularly swept up in the religious fervor of the Second Great Awakening.

Mormons: Religious followers of Joseph Smith, who founded a communal, oligarchic religious order in the 1830s, officially known as the Church of Jesus Chris of Latter-Day Saints. Mormons, facing dee[ hostility from their non-Mormon neighbors, eventually migrated west and established a flourishing settlement in the Utah desert.

Lyceum: Public lecture hall that hosted speakers on topics ranging from science to moral philosophy. Part of a broader flourishing of higher education in the mid-ninteenth century.

American Temperance Society: Founded in Boston in 1826 as part of a growing effort of 19th century reformers to limit alcohol consumption.

Maine Law of 1851: Prohibited the manufacture and sale of alcohol. A dozen other states followed Maine's lead, though most statures proved ineffective and were repealed within a decade.

Woman's Rights Convention at Seneca Falls: Gathering of female activists in Seneca Falls, New York, where Elizabeth Cady Stanton read her "Declaration of Sentiments," stating that "all men and women are created equal."

New Harmony: Communal society of around one thousand members, established in New Harmony, Indiana by Robert Owen. The community attracted a hodgepodge of individuals, from scholars to crooks, and fell apart due to infighting and confusion after just 2 years.

Brook Farm: Transcendentalist commune founded by a group of intellectuals, who emphasized living plainly while pursuing the life of the mind. The community fell into debt and dissolved when their communal home burned to the ground in 1846.

Oneida Community: One of the more radical utopian communities established in the 19th century, it advocated "free love," birth control, and eugenics. Utopian communities reflected the reformist spirit of the age.

Shakers: Called "Shakers" for their lively dance worship, they emphasized simple, communal living and were all expected to practice celibacy. First transplanted to America from England by Mother Ann Lee, the Shakers counted six thousand members by 1840, though by the 1840s the movement had largely died out.

Hudson River School: American artistic movement that produced romantic renditions of local landscapes.

Minstrel shows: Variety shows performed by white actors in black-face. First popularized in the mid-nineteenth century.

Transcendentalism: Literary and intellectual movement that emphasized individualism and self-reliance, predicated upon a belief that each person possessed an "inner light" that can point the way to truth and direct contact with God.

"The American Scholar": Ralph Waldo Emerson's address at Harvard College, in which he declared an intellectual independence from Europe, urging American scholars to develop their own traditions.

People to Know:

Peter Cartwright: American Methodist revivalist in the Midwest who helped start the Second Great Awakening.

Charles Grandison Finney: Leader of the Second Great Awakening, known as the Father of Modern Revivalism. He advocated Christian perfectionism and was in favor of social reforms for women and blacks.

Joseph Smith: American religious leader who is known as the founder of Mormonism, and wrote the Book of Mormon.

Brigham Young: American leader in the Latter Day Saint movement and a settler of the West.

Horace Mann: American education reformist who is known as the "Father of the Common School Movement."

Dorothea Dix: American activist on behalf of the indigent insane who created the first generation of American mental asylums.

Neal S. Dow: Known as the "Father of Prohibition," because he sponsored the Maine Law of 1851, prohibiting the manufacture and sale of alcohol.

Lucretia Mott: American Quaker, abolitionist, women's rights activist and social reformer.

Elizabeth Cady Stanton: American social activist, abolitionist, and leading figure of the women's rights movement. She is best known for her Declaration of Sentiments given at Seneca Falls in 1848.

Susan B. Anthony: Prominent American civil rights leader playing an important role in the 19th century to introduce women's suffrage rights.

Lucy Stone: American orator, abolitionist, suffragist, and vocal advocate for woman's rights. She is best known for refusing to take her husband's name after marriage.

Amelia Bloomer: American woman's rights and temperance advocate.

Robert Owen: Welsh social reformer and one of the formers of the utopian socialism movement.

John J. Audubon: French-American ornithologist, naturalist, and painter. He is best known for his studies and thorough documentations of all types of American birds.

Stephen C. Foster: American songwriter known as the "Father of American Music," best known for his parlour and minstrel music.

James Fenimore Cooper: Popular American writer of the early 19th century, best known for his novel The Last of the Mohicans.

Ralph Waldo Emerson: American essayist, lecturer, and poet, who led the transcendentalist movement in the mid-19th century.

Henry David Thoreau: American author, poet, abolitionist, and leading transcendentalist.

Walt Whitman: American poet, essayist, and journalist. He was a humanist who was a part of the transition between transcendentalism and realism.

Henry Wadsworth Longfellow: American poet and educator who was the first to translate The Divine Comedy.

Louisa May Alcott: American novelist who is best known for writing the novel Little Women.

Emily Dickinson: American poet from Massachusetts who lived a mostly reclusive life.

Nathaniel Hawthorne: American novelist and short story writer.

Herman Melville: American writer best known for his novel Moby-Dick.

Francis Parkman: American historian, best known for writing The Oregon Trail.

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